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As markets become increasingly globalized, the concept of competitiveness is ever more salient. Countries that have recognized the need to be competitive on the global stage have strengthened their economies, attracted investment and increased their exports in a relatively short time period. In doing so, they have established the essential prerequisites for long-term economic development. Because of scarce resources and inadequate funding for development, small countries are turning toward international markets. Therefore, enhancing competitiveness is of crucial importance to them.

The World Economic Forum ranks Serbia 93rd among 133 countries in its Global Competitiveness Index. The low competitiveness of Serbian economy is even more pronounced when it is compared to other transition economies. Of the sixteen transition countries surveyed in the Index, Serbia ranks 14th, ahead of just Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania.

Considering its essential role in economic development countries need to take appropriate action to enhance competitiveness. By the Decision on the Constitution of the National Competitiveness Council of the Republic of Serbia (NCCS) the central task assigned to the NCCS is to assess the current situation and propose measures to enhance competitiveness of Serbia.